…and How to Avoid Probate in the First Place

Avoiding probate has become common advice to individuals from many trust and estate lawyers – and the media.  With good reason.  It is a costly process that can take months, even years, to complete following the death of someone who had, or did not have, a Will.

A will is only a statement of a person’s wishes to transfer holding in an estate until a probate court declares it is valid – meaning that the document was properly prepared, signed and witnessed in accordance with the law of the state of residence at the time it was signed.   “Probate” is the term that refers to that court process.

A will is not a will until the court – the Surrogate’s Court in New York – has blessed it.  At that point the executor named in the will is “appointed” and administers the estate of the person who died (aka “decedent”) in accordance with the terms of the will.  If there is no will, the decedent is said to have died “intestate” (no will.) His or her estate is then managed by an “administrator” appointed by the court; the administrator being the person at the top of those persons appointed to have priority to act.

Call us today for a consultation

An Overview of the Probate Process

In New York, a decedent’s assets that are in her or his individual name will be subject to probate or be designated non-probate. Non-probate assets are held in ways that automatically pass by operation of law, such as jointly owned real estate, investment accounts that are jointly titled or have a “Transfer on Death” designated in joint bank accounts, life insurance policies that name individual beneficiaries or retirement funds. They pass to the “heirs” separate and apart from a will regardless of the terms of the will.

For assets in the sole name of a decedent, the court appoints an administrator to distribute those assets under the ”laws of intestacy” under Probate.

How probate litigation arises

A family member’s death can bring out the best of people, and the worst. Emotions can run high. The provisions of a will can reveal complicated family relationships, including long-rooted grievances, strong feelings of inclusion, and others of exclusion. These human factors have the potential to make what should be a straightforward process quite unpredictable.

Probate litigation and other estate related litigation is a specialized area that marries estate planning knowledge with civil litigation experience. Probate lawyers must not only prove the substantive matters of the dispute in court, but they must do so while remaining sensitive to the emotional needs of clients during a trying time.

In New York, every person who is a “distributee” (statutory heir if there is no will) – both those who inherit under a will and those who do not – have a right to object to the probate of the will, and often do. The filing of objections can cause significant delays and legal fees. Challenges may be regarding whether the “testator” (person who has made a will or given a legacy) had the mental capacity to make a will. Questions can arise if there was undue influence, or whether the formalities of execution were not followed in accordance with the law.  Sometimes disgruntled family members can file “objections” just to get a settlement buy-out.  There may be a jury trial.  It can take many months and sometimes years to resolve probate contests. It’s not fun. While such a battle goes on, the court can appoint a “preliminary executor” who can administer the estate. That preliminary executor cannot make distributions to the will’s stated beneficiaries.  Why? Because it is not yet a valid will!

Further, even after a will is “admitted” to probate, litigation may arise during the estate administration.

An executor has significant responsibilities. She or he must, among other things:

  • Collect the decedent’s assets, including loans due to the estate
  • Manage and assist beneficiaries in collecting non-probate assets
  • Make an inventory of the decedent’s property
  • Pay decedent’s debts and estate-related bills
  • Calculate and pay the decedent’s income and estate taxes
  • Obtain valuations for assets
  • Invest the assets of the estate in a prudent manner
  • Prepare a final accounting of her or his stewardship of the estate assets and seek releases from beneficiaries
  • Make final distribution to the beneficiaries under the will

You can see why the probate process can be lengthy, even when there is no litigation challenging the terms. So, even in the absence of litigation about the probate of the will, there can be disputes how the executor performs her or his duties.

Probate also induces sizable court filing fees. The courts are understaffed and – as evidenced by Covid 19 – can be closed down as happened in New York.  Heirs may be difficult to locate and finding them may cause delays. The post office mail lose mail. So can court clerks.  And an estate file is officially a public record, which means anyone including family members, curious citizens or the news media can see records detailing assets.

Avoiding Probate

Experienced trust and estate planning lawyers will most likely tell you the way to sidestep these troubles is to avoid probate.  That is accomplished by having a trust, most likely a revocable trust. That holds title to your individually-owned assets for your lifetime.  You can also have a revocable trust to hold the assets of you and your spouse. The trust ends when you (or both you and your wife) die and the remaining trust assets are distributed to your chosen beneficiaries. No court interventions; no delays; minimal cost.  And even a disgruntled heir will think twice before making trouble via litigation. You have the power (and the money in the trust to pay for any litigation without having to use personal funds to beat back a probate contest in Surrogate’s Court).

Another important point:  as we say at Pierro, Connor & Strauss, “life happens,” and in many cases there is disability or incapacity.  The trust is the most effective vehicle to manage your finances and care for you in such event. Together with a health care proxy and health care declaration your needs will be met and your personal wishes followed without intervention of courts or strangers.

The attorneys at Pierro, Connor & Strauss, L.L.C. have seen it all and have the experience and skills to advise you on the most appropriate way to distribute your estate to your family members upon your death, but perhaps even more importantly, to assist you to enjoy your independence and quality of life in good times and bad.

Who does Pierro, Conor & Strauss represent in probate matters?

As you can see, even the smoothest uncontested estate administration process can be a time-consuming and a somewhat bumpy legal process. That’s why retaining an experienced trusts and estates/estate planning attorney is so important.

Probate attorneys may represent parties on either side of a will or estate administration. Pierro, Connor & Strauss often represents the beneficiaries or potential heirs with legitimate concerns about how their loved ones’ wills were created or how the executors have handled the administration.  Other times, our probate litigators provide legal guidance and defend against challenges to the executor under New York Law.

Speak with a probate litigation attorney

For those in New York who are facing a difficulty in their Surrogate’s Court matter or dread the prospect of a drawn-out court battle, Pierro, Connor & Strauss is available to help. Our experienced team represents individuals, families, corporations, and others. We take the time to carefully understand our clients’ objectives, craft strategies to avoid litigation, but can handle litigation when needed. If litigation does become necessary, we will honor our promise to maintain consistent and clear communication, help you understand the risks, and work with you to achieve the best possible result. .

Take time to talk to a Pierro, Connor & Strauss lawyer today at either our Albany, New York City, Long Island, Lake Placid, Hudson, New Jersey, Florida locations to schedule a no-obligation, confidential consultation.

Life Happens…..Are You Prepared?

Contact us today for a FREE consultation and we’ll be happy to help take the worry out of tomorrow so you can live today.

Best Lawyers Tier 1 in Trusts and Estates Badge 2025
Proudly offering our legal services in these areas

Capital Region   •   Albany, NY   •   New York City   •   Ronkonkoma, NY   •   Garden City, NY   •   Hudson, NY

Lake Placid, NY   •   Utica, NY   •   Clark, NJ

Disclaimer

The material contained on this Website is provided for informational purposes only, and should not be construed as legal advice on any subject matter. No recipients of content from this site, clients or otherwise, should act or refrain from acting on the basis of any content included in the site without seeking the appropriate legal or other professional advice on the particular facts and circumstances at issue from an attorney licensed in the recipient’s state. The content of this Website contains general information and may not reflect current legal developments, verdicts or settlements. The Firm expressly disclaims all liability in respect to actions taken or not taken based on any or all the contents of this Website.

Any information sent to The Firm by Internet e-mail or through the Website is not secure and is done so on a non-confidential basis. Transmission of information from this Website does not create an attorney-client relationship between you and The Firm, nor is it intended to do so. The transmission of the Website, in part or in whole, and/or any communication with us via Internet e-mail through this site does not constitute or create an attorney-client relationship between us and any recipients.

Some links within the Website may lead to other web-ites, including those operated and maintained by third parties. The Firm includes these links solely as a convenience to you, and the presence of such a link does not imply a responsibility for the linked site or an endorsement of the linked site, its operator, or its contents.

Furthermore, The Firm does not wish to represent anyone desiring representation based upon viewing this Website in a state where this Website fails to comply with all laws and ethical rules of that state. The Firm does not intend to represent any party in any state in which this website may not comply with all applicable laws and ethical rules, nor will the firm represent any party with respect to legal matters related to the laws of any state or country in which its attorneys are not admitted to practice law.

Reproduction, distribution, republication, and/or retransmission of material contained within The Firm’s website is prohibited unless the prior written permission of The Firm has been obtained.

© Copyright – Pierro, Connor & Strauss LLC  |  Privacy Policy  |  Terms & Conditions  |  Sitemap

Website and SEO by Razor Rank